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A truce term is a word or short phrase accepted within a community of children as an effective way of calling for a temporary respite or truce during a game or activity, such as tag or its variants. Common examples in English speaking cultures are ''barley'', ''fainites'', ''crosses'' and ''kings'' in the United Kingdom, ''pegs'' and ''nibs'' in New Zealand and variants of ''barley'' in Australia. In the United States, terms based on ''time-out'' have, from the 1950s onwards, largely supplanted earlier common terms based on ''kings exe'' . Since the late 1980s ''time-out'' has been recorded in other English speaking cultures besides the US. Examples of use of truce terms are if a child has a stitch or wants to raise a point on the rules of the game. Traditionally these terms are specific to certain geographical areas although some may be used by a particular social group such as ''pax'' in the UK, used primarily by children attending private schools. To be functional a truce term must be understood and honoured by most of the children playing together. The most extensive study of the use and incidence of these terms is that undertaken by folklorists Iona and Peter Opie in the UK in their 1959 book, ''The Lore and Language of Schoolchildren'', which mapped the use of truce terms across England, Wales and Scotland. The Opies considered it the most important word in a schoolchild's vocabulary and one for which there was no adult equivalent. There has been little recent research in the UK but such research as there has been indicates that truce terms, including some of those prevalent in the late 1950s, are still in general use. Studies conducted since the 1970s in English speaking cultures show that truce terms are also prevalent in Australia, New Zealand and the United States with a number of terms deriving from older terms used in the UK, but many not. The use of a truce term is usually accompanied by a gesture, such as crossed fingers of one or both hands or the raising of thumbs. In the US a T-shape made with both hands (representing ''time-out'') has become prevalent and this gesture is also appearing in other countries. ==Use== Truce terms are recorded as having been used in the following circumstances; being out of breath, having a stitch, a shoelace being undone, fear of clothes being damaged, needing to go to the lavatory, checking the time, wanting to discuss or clarify rules during a fight or game, or one combatant wanting to remove their spectacles or jacket before continuing. It does not mean to surrender, although it may sometimes be used in preparation to surrendering.〔 Truce terms are only used within a specific age group, have little currency outside that group and are by and large abandoned by the age of 10 or 11 years. However, research into early recorded use of these terms found examples of some of these terms being used as a sign of surrender in battle or adult fights or quarrels as late as the 18th century.〔 The vocabulary of children's games, including truce terms, is described by sociolinguist Peter Trudgill in ''Dialects of England'' as being particularly rich in regional variation insofar as they are not based on official or television culture. They are an example of the subculture of young children which is transmitted by word of mouth. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Truce term」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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